Gender-Biased Job Opportunities Before WWII

Job listings for men and women Job listings that appeared in the Providence Journal, October 1, 1935. There are separate sections for Female and Male jobs.

A job opportunity for a man from the Providence Journal, October 1, 1933.

Job opportunity for a man.

On January 25, 1971, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in Phillips v. Martin Marietta that "Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits 'not only overt discrimination but also practices that are fair in form, but discriminatory in operation.' ... A law that permits one hiring policy for women and another for men is unconstitutional." (Source: James Trager, The Women's Chronology, pp. 622)

On August 2, 1971, the Providence Journal began listing "Help Wanted" ads without reference to gender.




















Job opportunity for a man. Though jobs were forcibly opened up for Veterans returning from the war, friction with laid-off wartime workers made the transition difficult.
The Providence Journal, 9/1/45.