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A
LECTURE
UPON THE
ROMAN HISTORY, ETC.

Q.
What is History?
A.
A true Account of the principal Events that have happened in a Country.

Q.
What is the Service of History?
A.
It provides us with Lessons of Policy and Morality.

Q.
What is Policy?
A.
The Art of Conduct, or of steering a proper Course in the world, and bringing our Designs to a successful issue.

Q.
What is Morality?
A.
The Art of forming our Manners and Conversation upon the Principles of Vertue.

Q.
How does History instruct us in Policy?
A.
By making us acquainted with what has passed among Men, it puts us in a Way

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to encrease our Stock of Wisdom and Knowledge from their good, or ill Conduct.

Q.
How does History instruct us in Morality?
A.
By setting before us Examples of Vertue and Vice, that we may follow the one, and avoid the other.

Q.
What is the Roman History?
A.
An Account of the principal Actions of the Romans.

Q.
Who were the Romans?
A.
A People, who took their Rise from the City of Rome in Italy.

Q.
Who gave it the Name of Rome?
A.
Romulus it's Founder.

Q.
In what Year was Rome built?
A.
In the Year of the World Three Thousand Three Hundred and One; Seven Hundred and Fifty three Years before JESUS CHRIST.

Q.
Who was Romulus?
A.
A Prince descended from the Kings of Alba, a City of Latium, now called Campagna di Roma, and St. Peters Patrimony.

Q.
From whom came the Kings of Alba?
A.
From AEneas, a Trojan Captain.

Q.
The Romans then were the descendants of the Trojans. What was done to Romulus when he was born?
A.
He was exposed (commited to Fortune; left to Hazard) in a Boat upon the River Tyber.

Q.
Who caused him to be exposed in that Manner?
A.
His Grandfather, who was King of Alba.

Q.
Why did he seek to destroy him?

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A.
Because he apprehended, he would one Day deprive him of his Crown.

Q.
How was Romulus preserved?
A.
He was found upon the Brink of the River; and, tis said, he was suckled by a She—Wolf.

Q.
Is that true?
A.
No, it is a Fable; The Truth is, he was brought up by a Shepherdess, whom They called Lupa; (i.e. She—Wolf) a Nickname the Romans gave to common Prostitutes; for she was one.

Q.
What did Romulus, when he was come to Years of Maturity?
A.
He drove out this King of Alba, who had treated him so ill; and built the City of Rome.

Q.
What Kind of Government was first set up at Rome?
A.
That of Kings.

Q.
How many Kings of Rome were there?
A.
Seven.

Q.
Who was the First?
A.
Romulus, the Founder of the City.

Q.
Who was the last?
A.
Tarquin the Proud.

Q.
How long was Rome governed by Kings?
A.
Two hundred and forty five Years.

Q.
Who was it thrust out Tarquin the Proud.
A.
Junius Brutus.

Q.
What Change did he make at Rome?
A.
It was he, who settled the Republick.

Q.
What is the Difference between kingly Government and a Republick?
A.
A kingly Government, or Monarchy,

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is a State, where one Person only has the Conduct of the Government: A Republic is a State governed by many.

Q.
What Magistrates did they set up at Rome, in the Place of Kings?
A.
Two Consuls, whom they changed every Year.

Q.
What was their Authority?
A.
They commanded the Armies, and presided in the Senate.

Q.
What mean you by the Senate?
A.
The Assembly of the principal Persons of the City, for the Government of the Republick.

Q.
What was the Office of Dictator at Rome?
A.
He was the Magistrate, who had sovereign Authority.

Q.
On what Occasion was he chosen?
A.
When the Republick was in Danger.

Q.
By whom was Rome first taken?
A.
By the Gauls.

Q.
Who were the Gauls?
A.
The French: Gaul is the Country now called France.

Q.
How do you call the Battel, wherein the Gauls defeated the Romans?
A.
The Battel of Allia, a River of Italy.

Q.
What did the Gauls, after they had carried the City of Rome?
A.
They besieged the Capitol, but could not win it.

Q.
What was the Capitol?
A.
The Fortress of Rome.

Q.
Who was it, routed the Gauls, and deliver'd Rome?
A.
A Roman Captain, called Camillus.

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Q.
Who was the greatest Enemy of the Romans?
A.
Hannibal.

Q.
Who was Hannibal?
A.
A General of the Carthaginians.

Q.
Who were the Carthaginians?
A.
A People, that took their Rise from a City of Africa, called Carthage.

Q.
What was the Government of the Carthaginians?
A.
Republican, as that of the Romans.

Q.
Did they maintain a long War against Rome?
A.
They were it's most potent Enemy.

Q.
What did Hannibal atchieve against the Romans?
A.
He won four Battels.

Q.
Which was the greatest of the four?
A.
The Battle of Cannae in Italy, in which fell forty thousand Romans.

Q.
What false Step made Hannibal after the Battel of Cannae?
A.
Instead of marching directly to Rome, he loiter'd at a City of Italy, called Capua.

Q.
What was said to Hannibal after his Mistake?
A.
He was told, that he knew how to conquer, but knew not how to make Use of a Victory.

Q.
How do you call the Roman Captain, who conquer'd Hannibal?
A.
Scipio Africanus.

Q.
Why is he called Africanus?
A.
Because he subdued Africa.

Q.
Was there no other Scipio Africanus?
A.
There was another of that Name, who demolish'd Carthage.

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Q.
Who was the greatest Roman Captain?
A.
Julius Caesar.

Q.
What were his greatest Actions?
A.
He conquer'd all the Gauls, and made himself Master of the Republick.

Q.
How long was he employ'd in the Conquest of the Gauls?
A.
Ten Years.

Q.
With whom did he go to War, to make himself Master of the Republick?
A.
With Pompey.

Q.
How do they call the Battel, wherein Pompey was defeated?
A.
The Battel of Pharsalia, from Pharsalus a City of Macedon.

Q.
What did Caesar, when he had vanquish'd his Enemies?
A.
He got himself declared Perpetual Dictator, and became Absolute Monarch of Rome.

Q.
What was the Conclusion of his Life?
A.
He was slain by Conspirators in the midst of the Senate.

Q.
What Surname was given to the Emperors, who succeeded him?
A.
They were called Caesars.

Q.
Why were they called so?
A.
Because it was the Name of the First and Greatest of the Roman Emperors.

Q.
Who was the most vertuous among the Romans?
A.
Cato of Utica.

Q.
How did he end his Life?
A.
He slew himself at Utica, a City of Africa; and for that Reason was called Cato of Utica.

Q.
Why did he kill himself?
A.
That he might not fall into the Hands of Caesar, with whom he was at War.

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Q.
What was the Ground of the War between them?
A.
Cato defended the Liberty of his Country, and Caesar resolv'd to seize it.

Q.
What other Roman was it, that slew himself.
A.
Brutus, the Chief of the Conspirators, who slew Julius Caesar.

Q.
Why did he kill himself?
A.
Because he had been defeated by Antony and Augustus, who sought to revenge the Death of Caesar.

Q.
Who are those, they call the last of the Romans?
A.
Brutus and Cassius.

Q.
Why are they called so?
A.
Because these were the last, that defended the Liberty of their Country.